Diagnosis of Aseptic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head (AONTH)
Halidou Idrissa Abdoul-Rahamane,
Kawtar Nassar,
Saadia Janani
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2023
Pages:
1-6
Received:
25 March 2022
Accepted:
19 April 2022
Published:
13 January 2023
Abstract: Aseptic osteonecrosis is a frequent pathology. It corresponds to epiphyseal bone necrosis, secondary to ischemic and/or cytotoxic mechanisms. It is not a specific disease, but rather the final outcome of various pathological situations in which there is a disturbance of the intraosseous circulation of the femoral head. This explains the usual names of avascular necrosis or aseptic necrosis. It may be unilateral, bilateral or multifocal. More than 75% of aseptic osteonecrosis involve the femoral head. Many risk factors must be considered, such as corticosteroid therapy, alcoholism, dyslipidemia or sickle cell disease. It is important to diagnose osteonecrosis in the potentially reversible stages of the disease. It is a condition that is all the more disabling because it affects the young adult, in the middle of an active life, in the presence of pain in the groin crease of a young man who tends to take steroids, when the femoral head is still spherical on standard radiography. Magnetic resonance imaging has profoundly changed our diagnostic possibilities, showing pathognomonic signs while the radiograph may still be normal. Aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (AONTH) often poses a problem of differential diagnosis with other coxopathies, which is a source of diagnostic delay in medical practice.
Abstract: Aseptic osteonecrosis is a frequent pathology. It corresponds to epiphyseal bone necrosis, secondary to ischemic and/or cytotoxic mechanisms. It is not a specific disease, but rather the final outcome of various pathological situations in which there is a disturbance of the intraosseous circulation of the femoral head. This explains the usual names...
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Molecular Diagnostic Tools and Malaria Elimination: A Review on Solutions at Hand, Challenges Ahead and Breakthroughs Needed
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2023
Pages:
7-20
Received:
10 January 2023
Accepted:
14 March 2023
Published:
24 March 2023
Abstract: Malaria is a serious public health problem worldwide. Globally concerted efforts are underway to control and eliminate it. Despite recent slowdown, substantial achievements have been recorded in the last 20 years. However, its eradication requires successful elimination of all Plasmodium parasites among symptomatic, asymptomatic, and sub-microscopic infections. This review is aimed at assessing the role of molecular diagnostic tools in malaria elimination. Quality assured malaria diagnosis is fundamental to control and elimination of malaria. High-throughput molecular diagnostic tools are important for the diagnosis, and monitoring of interventions to mitigate malaria. Molecular techniques such as real-time PCR, LAMP, nPCR, RT-PCR, multiplex-PCR, NASBA, and CLIP-PCR have been instrumental for malaria control and elimination. They enabled the detection and identification of symptomatic, asymptomatic, and sub-microscopic parasitemia. They are also important in the discovery, and development of drugs. Despite their tremendous contribution and immense potential, they are not readily available in malaria-endemic settings, fail to detect hypnozoites and infectious gametocytes as well as not sufficiently optimized for fieldwork. Those challenges might delay malaria elimination thereby threatening the quest to reach the goal of a malaria-free world by 2050. Therefore, we need novel tools fit for field application and for detecting hypnozoites, infectious gametocytes, and in vitro analysis of Plasmodium vivax.
Abstract: Malaria is a serious public health problem worldwide. Globally concerted efforts are underway to control and eliminate it. Despite recent slowdown, substantial achievements have been recorded in the last 20 years. However, its eradication requires successful elimination of all Plasmodium parasites among symptomatic, asymptomatic, and sub-microscopi...
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