Interleukin 4 (IL-4) in Urinary Schistosomiasis as a Diagnostic Biomarker During Its Reinfection- A Review
Aigbogun Edwin Ighodaro,
Mohammed Sani Sambo Datsugwai,
Umar Nabeela Bello,
Afangide Christopher Stephen
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
57-60
Received:
16 August 2017
Accepted:
5 September 2017
Published:
10 October 2017
Abstract: Urinary schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma heamatobium worm and it is most common source of haematuria (blood in urine) worldwide. This disease has long been recognized as serious public health to man especially in countries like Nigeria, Egypt, with currently more than 790 million people at risk. Since IL-4 stimulates IgE production, the hypothesis that Helper T cell 2 (Th2) associated with cell immunity participate in protection to reinfection in an anti-inflammatory dichotomy manner. IL-4 confers proliferation of T cells, induction of class switching immunoglobulins and also serve as a biomarker in co association with IL-5 for (Th2). The aim of this review paper is to simplify the immunological mechanism that happens when Schistosome worm elicit strong humoral and cellular response in definite host.
Abstract: Urinary schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma heamatobium worm and it is most common source of haematuria (blood in urine) worldwide. This disease has long been recognized as serious public health to man especially in countries like Nigeria, Egypt, with currently more than 790 million people at risk. Since IL-4 stimulates IgE production, the hyp...
Show More
Prevalence of Caesarean Section Deliveries Among Primigravidae in General Hospital Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria
Emmanuel Okechukwu Chukwu,
Chinasa Joy Ekeh,
Habu Haruna,
Terkuma Chia,
Terna Mesuur Fiase
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
61-65
Received:
1 March 2017
Accepted:
21 March 2017
Published:
18 October 2017
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of caesarean-section among primigravida in general hospital Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria. The study was a hospital-based cross-sectional retrospective survey conducted from January 2016-December 2016. The target population comprised all the primigravida within the age of 16-45 who underwent caesarean section in General Hospital Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria. The sample size consisted of 224 patients that met the inclusion criteria of caesarean deliveries performed after period of viability (28 weeks). Data collection instrument was the hospital delivery records from the maternity units, theatre records, admission and discharge registers in labour ward with outcome of caesarean section using delivery collection sheet. Collected data were analysed using frequency distribution table. Findings revealed increased incidence of caesarean section from a steep of 17.9% recorded in January-February after a rapid rise to 20.5% in September-October to 22.3% in November-December. Finding also showed that most of the cases of caesarean-section achieved a life viable fetus with an APGAR score of 8/10 in the first five minutes of life. Major indications for caesarean-section were due to failure to progress during labour, previous uterine scar, no reassuring fetal status and fetal mal-presentation. It was also revealed that majority of women who had a previous caesarean section ended up having a spontaneous vaginal delivery.
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of caesarean-section among primigravida in general hospital Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria. The study was a hospital-based cross-sectional retrospective survey conducted from January 2016-December 2016. The target population comprised all the primigravida within the age of 16-45 who underwent caesa...
Show More
The Trochanteric Wing of the Zweymüller Femoral Stem does Not Affect Rotational Stability: An Experimental Study Using a Resin Bone Model
Tomonori Shigemura,
Takanori Omae,
Shigeru Mitsuhashi,
Yasuaki Murata,
Yohei Yamamoto,
Takashi Sato,
Ryuto Tsuchiya,
Yuichi Wada,
Hiroyuki Takahashi,
Michihiro Fujiwara
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2017
Pages:
66-70
Received:
28 June 2017
Accepted:
17 July 2017
Published:
23 October 2017
Abstract: The Preserve stem is a modified Zweymüller femoral stem that omits the trochanteric wing. Omission of the trochanteric wing of the prosthesis might influence its rotational stability, but, there are no reports about the rotational stability of a modified Zweymüller femoral stem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the trochanteric wing on rotational stability by comparing the modified Zweymüller femoral stem and the original Zweymüller femoral stem. Computed tomography of the right femur was used to construct a resin model of the proximal femur. Three types of uncemented stems were used in this study: Preserve α, β, and exemplary Zweymüller stem. Preserve β is a modified Zweymüller-type of stem with a reduced trochanteric wing. Preserve α is also a Zweymüller-type of stem with a further reduced trochanteric wing. The resin bone model was mounted on a universal testing machine. The stem was inserted into the bone model manually and loaded vertically up to 600 N. Then the stem was rotated posteriorly by 1°/sec until angular rotation was achieved to 5°. The torque at 5° was compared among the three stems. Vertical displacement of the stem during rotation testing was also recorded as a correlative measure for prosthetic subsidence. The results showed that the mean torque at 5° was not significantly different among the Preserve α, β, and exemplary Zweymüller stem (Tukey-Kramer test). Furthermore, the mean vertical displacement amounts during rotation testing were not significantly different among the three stems (Tukey-Kramer test). This study indicate that the Preserve α and β, modified Zweymüller stems, are rotationally as stable as the exemplary Zweymüller stem.
Abstract: The Preserve stem is a modified Zweymüller femoral stem that omits the trochanteric wing. Omission of the trochanteric wing of the prosthesis might influence its rotational stability, but, there are no reports about the rotational stability of a modified Zweymüller femoral stem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the trochan...
Show More
