Suprascapular Nerve: Anatomical and Clinical Study
El Sayed Aly Mohamed Metwally,
Rasha Mohamed Elshenety,
Bahaa Ahmed Motawea
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
31-39
Received:
23 March 2016
Accepted:
30 March 2016
Published:
25 April 2016
Abstract: The suprascapular nerve arises from the upper trunk (Erb’s point) of the brachial plexus in the posterior triangle of the neck.This research was conducted to study the anatomy of the suprascapular nerve in the scapular region and its relation to both suprascapular and spinoglenoid notches. This data is very important in suprascapular nerve block and suprascapular nerve surgical decompression. Dissection of 20 scapular regions of 10 formalin preserved male cadavers was done. Also thirty three adult patients; 26 males and 7 females suffering from vague shoulder pain subjected to suprascapular nerve surgical decompression. In all cadaveric specimens, careful dissection and anatomical study of suprascapular nerve regarding its course, distribution and relations was carried out. Origin of the nerve was demonstrated from upper trunk of the brachial plexus. Passage of the nerve through a narrow medial compartment of supraglenoid canal in all cases has been identified. Measurements of two important diameters relevant to suprascapular notch were also reported. The transverse scapular ligament was identified to be of uniform thickness. In the clinical study of all cases with suprascapular nerve entrapment regardless its etiology whether idiopathic or not, conservative therapy by means of the exercise was of limited value especially for the motor affection. All of the cases were subjected to surgical maneuverer to decompress the nerve. It is concluded that the anatomical findings allow better choice of the surgical procedure, more precise surgical dissection, better results and fewer complications.
Abstract: The suprascapular nerve arises from the upper trunk (Erb’s point) of the brachial plexus in the posterior triangle of the neck.This research was conducted to study the anatomy of the suprascapular nerve in the scapular region and its relation to both suprascapular and spinoglenoid notches. This data is very important in suprascapular nerve block an...
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Assessment of Experimental Permanent Coronary Artery Ligation Using Echocardiography and Invasive Real-Time Pressure-Volume (PV): A Practical Tips to Evaluate Rat Hemodynamics
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2016
Pages:
40-51
Received:
26 April 2016
Accepted:
3 June 2016
Published:
20 June 2016
Abstract: Background: Rat permanent coronary artery ligation is surgical model mimicking coronary artery ischemia and myocardial infarct (MI) injury, both sequels of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this publication is to provide comprehensive, detailed description of rat load-dependent and independent hemodynamic assessment at baseline and at 28 days post-myocardial ischemia and remodeling. Materials and Methods: the detailed depiction of rat-MI model is followed by a thorough assessment of hemodynamics by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography and invasive pressure-volume (PV) catheterization. Results: Quantification of post-MI using 2D M-mode showed a significant increase in end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions with a decrease of fractional shortening. PV load-dependent hemodynamics at 28 days showed a rightward shift of PV loop on the volume axis, characterized by an increase of LVEDV; (319±73 vs. 215±79 µl; P<0.001) and the LVESV (157±39 vs. 57±28 µl; P<0.001). Both dpdtmax and ESP were significantly influenced by decreasing the number of myocytes, leading to a significant decrease of dpdtmax (5786±1443 vs. 9609±4126 mmHg; P<0.01) and ESP (91.5±12 vs. 108.2±13 mmHg; P<0.001). Loss of contractile myocytes had an effect on the cardiac output (CO) and ejection fraction (EF); (49±12 vs. 68±3.5 ml/min; P<0.05) and (50±8.5 vs. 76±4.9 % P<0.001). Diastolic dysfunction had a major influence on LV lusitropy at day 28 post-MI characterized by prolonged LV filling at higher LVEDP (9.1±2.9 vs. 5.18±2.5 % P<0.01), higher Tau values, time to peak filling and dpdt min (-4850±1062 vs. 5876±1443 mmHg; P<0.001). Using histopathology, calculated HW/BW ratio (g/mg) (3.1±0.22 vs. 3.82±0.39; P<0.001), reflected hypertrophy of post-remodeled myocardium. Conclusion: Heart failure (HF) post-permanent coronary artery ligation influences both systolic and diastolic hemodynamics. Comprehensive assessment of modeled HF using load-dependent and independent indices enables its clinical translation.
Abstract: Background: Rat permanent coronary artery ligation is surgical model mimicking coronary artery ischemia and myocardial infarct (MI) injury, both sequels of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this publication is to provide comprehensive, detailed description of rat load-dependent and independent hemodynamic assessment at baseline and at 28 da...
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