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Post-Traumatic Epilepsy: A Review of This Pathology in Childhood
Olga Bastidas-Rangel,
Imelda Peraza-Gregor,
Maria Valeria Jimenez-Baez,
Carlos Sanchez-Flores,
Luis Sandoval-Jurado
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2022
Pages:
50-55
Received:
23 February 2022
Accepted:
24 March 2022
Published:
13 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijcems.20220804.11
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Abstract: Introduction: Traumatic brain injury has been related to the 20% of symptomatic epilepsy in the general population; In children, information about the magnitude of this condition is few, because the occurrence can develop in immediate periods or even years after the injury. Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics in pediatric patients diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Epilepsy. Methods: Children's Records diagnosed with post-traumatic epilepsy from the Pediatric Neurology Service. The clinical-epidemiological characteristics of the trauma, the convulsive crisis and the latency period in its presentation were identified. The difference of quantitative variables was estimated to evaluate their association, according to the intensity of the Head Traumatism (TBI). Results: 72 children with an average age of 8.7 years and males predominance of with 65.3% were included. The most frequent traumatic brain injury site (TBI) was occipital with 35.6% and the classification was 47.6% for mild. 93.1% presented simple partial crisis and 73.6% of children had neurological sequelae. The median onset for the epileptic seizure was 2.9 years, this period being shorter in relation to the intensity of the trauma and the age group in which it occurs. Conclusions: There is a clinical correlation between the intensity of TBI with the acute presence of epilepsy. It is necessary for the community of neurologists to develop follow-up protocols focused on informing and providing adequate care to patients at high risk of presenting post-traumatic epilepsy, including providing information to parents in a timely manner of this risk considering the intensity of the TBI and without ruling out those who suffered mild TBI.
Abstract: Introduction: Traumatic brain injury has been related to the 20% of symptomatic epilepsy in the general population; In children, information about the magnitude of this condition is few, because the occurrence can develop in immediate periods or even years after the injury. Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics in ...
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Mycosis Fungoides: A Clinical Case Report & Review
Ufaque Batool,
Reema Samo,
Rizwan Ali Lakho,
Khushboo Jawed,
Hassan Jawed
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2022
Pages:
56-61
Received:
16 June 2022
Accepted:
29 July 2022
Published:
5 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijcems.20220804.12
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Abstract: Mycosis fungoides is the commonest type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It is also called as Alibert-Bazin syndrome or granuloma fungoides. Mycosis Fungoides are an uncommon, heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) of T- and B-cell origin where the skin is the primary organ of involvement. Its clinical manifestation includes many clinical and histological forms; such as a patch, plaque, tumor nodules; erythrodermic and poikoilodermous stages which may differ with different stages. The very severe stage of Mycosis fungoides is extracutaneous where any organ may be involved. Only 20 cases of Bulla formation are reported in the literature so far, making it a very rare finding in mycosis fungoides. The majority of reported cases are in adult males. Case presentation: A 45-year-old male, a case of mycosis fungoides IIB, is described in this case report. He presented in an advanced stage of disease with multiple ulcers over the face, bilateral upper limbs, trunk, and back for 6 Months. Conclusion: mycosis fungoides is a very important clinical subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Mycosis fungoides IIB represents a particularly aggressive form of mycosis fungoides. The progression of extracutaneous spread in our patient confirms the advanced stage of the disease. The patient was given topical glucocorticoids, which will show improvement. Still, further awareness of the disease among physicians and pathologists is needed.
Abstract: Mycosis fungoides is the commonest type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. It is also called as Alibert-Bazin syndrome or granuloma fungoides. Mycosis Fungoides are an uncommon, heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) of T- and B-cell origin where the skin is the primary organ of involvement. Its clinical manifestation includes many clinical...
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A Rare Case of Gitelman Syndrome Revealed by Chronic Tophaceous Gout
Hanaa El Moutaouakil,
Kawtar Nassar,
Soukaina Zaher,
Saadia Janani
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2022
Pages:
62-64
Received:
2 August 2022
Accepted:
23 August 2022
Published:
31 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijcems.20220804.13
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Abstract: Background: The most common complications of non-treated chronic hyperuricemia are tophaceous gout and kidney impairment with metabolic acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis and hypomagnesemia are unusual during gout. We report the case of a woman with chronic tophaceous gout that revealed Gitelman syndrome. Case report: A 40-year-old woman was complaining of chronic joint pain and swelling for 7 years, complicated by the occurrence of tophi, in a context of impaired general condition. The diagnosis of chronic tophaceous gout was made based on physical examination and elevated serum uric acid level and radiological features. The discovery of Gitelman syndrome was made based on hydro-electrolytic disorders and arterial gasometry, revealing hypokalemia, hypochloremia, hypomagnesemia, and metabolic alkalosis. The patient was admitted and stabilized in an intensive care unit, and then she has been referred to us. Tophaceous gout was treated with a xanthine oxydase inhibitor (allopurinol) and the ionic disorders were corrected with potassium and magnesium supplementation. Conclusion: Gitelman syndrome is a rare inherited tubulopathy characterized by renal loss of sodium and potassium associated with hypomagnesemia and metabolic alkalosis. It can also expose, in the long term, the development of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, as a consequence of low magnesium levels. However, the association of gout and Gitelman syndrome is rare but possible given that this syndrome simulates thiazide diuretics intake, and that may be the main mechanism of the occurrence of gout in this case.
Abstract: Background: The most common complications of non-treated chronic hyperuricemia are tophaceous gout and kidney impairment with metabolic acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis and hypomagnesemia are unusual during gout. We report the case of a woman with chronic tophaceous gout that revealed Gitelman syndrome. Case report: A 40-year-old woman was complaining...
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