Research Article
Prevalence of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Associated Factors Among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Admitted to the Medical Emergency Department of Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Sidama, Ethiopia
Makuir Mayom,
Desalegn Dawit Assesle*
,
Seyife Kibru,
Teshome Abuka,
Shamil Nuri
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
42-50
Received:
26 June 2025
Accepted:
21 August 2025
Published:
8 September 2025
Abstract: Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. At present, there is limited epidemiological data on gastrointestinal bleeding due to chronic liver disease and associated factors in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and associated factors among patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) admitted to the medical emergency department at HUCSH, Hawassa, Sidama Region, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed on a total of 166 patients’ record charts reviewed at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from December 1st to 15th, 2023. The data were collected using a pre-tested and structured checklist through chart review by three pre-trained BSc nurses. The data were entered into Kobo Toolbox data collection software, then exported, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 26. A descriptive summary of the data and logistic regression were used to identify possible predictors using odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval and a P-value of 0.05. Result: The prevalence of Upper gastrointestinal bleeding was found to be 32.5% (95% CI: 25.3–39.7). The mean (SD) age of patients was 39.8 ±14.51. HBsAg positive [AOR: 2.3; 95%CI (1.06–5.15)], male gender [AOR: 4; 95% CI: 1.60–10.1], heavy alcoholic [AOR: 3.2; (1.05–10.0)], urban residence [AOR: 2.79; 95% CI: 1.23–6.31] and platelet count below 150 thousand [AOR: 2.40; 95%CI (1.06–5.24)] were independent risk factors upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Conclusion: The study found that the magnitude of UGIB was high among patients with CLD. Hepatitis B-positives, heavy alcohol drinkers, male gender, urban residents, and low platelet counts are associated with a higher occurrence of bleeding. Therefore, care providers should encourage HBV screening and vaccination, and provide emergency endoscopic therapy and medications to halt the progression of bleeding.
Abstract: Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. At present, there is limited epidemiological data on gastrointestinal bleeding due to chronic liver disease and associated factors in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and asso...
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Research Article
A Study of the Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Uropathogens from School Age Pupils in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
51-59
Received:
23 August 2025
Accepted:
2 September 2025
Published:
15 September 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijcems.20251104.12
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Abstract: Background: Globally, uropathogens when encountered in paediatric investigations, particularly in developing regions are major health concerns as they are the leading causes of bacterial infections and illness especially when they are asymptomatic, non-specific or with medical findings that make their management using antibiotics difficult. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the presence of bacterial uropathogens in 100 pupils of Islamiya Primary School in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria, and to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Method: Midstream urine samples were aseptically collected from pupils whose ages were between 5 and 15 years, with preponderance of males (80%) over females (74.5%). Samples were cultured on Cystine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient Agar and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar. Bacterial isolates were identified using morphological, Gram staining, and biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, with bacterial isolates standardized to the 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard. Result and conclusion: Out of 100 samples, 77 yielded significant bacterial growth, with a total of 93 isolates identified. Bacteriuria was highest (100%) in pupils aged 6-15 years, and least in those between the ages of 1 and 5 years. The predominant pathogen was Escherichia coli (20%) while Salmonella species was the least (6.0%) occurring pathogen. All the organisms were resistant to amoxycillin, azithromycin and rifampicin. Notably, Staphylococcus species exhibited multidrug resistance. The study revealed a high prevalence of uropathogens among school-aged children in Wukari, with E. coli and S. aureus as leading pathogens. The observed antimicrobial resistance patterns highlight the urgent need for antibiotic stewardship and hygiene-based interventions. Routine screening and public health education in schools are essential to mitigate the burden of paediatric UTIs in the region.
Abstract: Background: Globally, uropathogens when encountered in paediatric investigations, particularly in developing regions are major health concerns as they are the leading causes of bacterial infections and illness especially when they are asymptomatic, non-specific or with medical findings that make their management using antibiotics difficult. Objecti...
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